Draft+India

=**__1) General facts of India:__**=

India´s area is about 3.29 million square km. Its population in 2007 is about 1.12 billion, (27% urban and 63 % rural) The capital of India is New Delhi and people speak Hindi, English, and 16 other official languages. The British presence in India began in 1600 with Elizabeth I with a few **__trading centers__** at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta. In 1858 India came under full control of Britain, Between 1920 and 1922 Mahatma Gandhi started an anti-British campaign and India obtained his independence in August 15, 1947 and was a federal republic. Extremist Hindu assasined Mahatma Gandhi in 1948. The Constitution was written in January 26, 1950.

Strategic colonial considerations, as well as political tensions between Hindus and Muslims, the British parted India in two separate states: India, with a Hindu majority; and Pakistan, with Muslim majorities (currently Bangladesh and Pakistan).

=__2) Modern India__=

__**-Economy**__ It has natural resources like iron, manganese, mica, bauxite, chromite, thorium, limestone, barite, titanium ore, diamonds, crude oil. It is specializing in agriculture like wheat, rice, oilseeds, sugar, cotton, jute, tea. Products: textiles, jute, processed food, steel, machinery, transport equipment, cememt, fertilizers pretoleum, and computer sofware. 55% are services and transportation. It exports $ 127 billion of engineering goods, petroleum, product, precius stones etc... and imports $ 192 billion of petroleum, machinery and transport equipment, goods electronic, textiles etc...

There were two wars one in 1965, and another in 1971 with Pakistan over the creation of Bangladesh.
 * -__Government__**

Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was India's first and to date only female prime minister. She was assassinated by a Sikh bodyguard in 1984 **.** An important economic reform programme begun by Prime Minister PV Narasimha Rao in 1991.

His governement was consisting in five branches: //excecutive// president (chief of state), prime minister (head of government), Council of Ministers (cabinet). //Legislative//--bicameral parliament (Rajya Sabha or Council of States, and Lok Sabha or House of the People). //Judicial// --Supreme Court. The president and vice president indirectly are elected in a special electoral college for 5-year terms. The current executive president is a woman Pratibha Patil : she is the first woman president, she is 74 years and was a lawyer and legislator. The prime minister is Manmohan Singh with 74 years and he's a excelent doctor from Cambridge and Oxford university. India has three political parties, Indian National Congress (INC) the president's party, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP),and the Communist party.

She has 28 states* and 7 union territories. At the state level, some legislatures are bicameral, patterned after the two houses of the national parliament. The states' chief ministers are responsible to the legislatures in the same way the prime minister is responsible to Parliament.

=**__3) Social issues__**= -CASTES In India there is one castem system. It is stricted and distinct class system outlawed but still in practice. This system disctintive name ,dress and language . A person is looked in their caste throughout this lifetime and it is not possible to marry oustide oh this caste. -BRAHMAN: Traditional caste of priests religious theachers and judges . -KSHATRIYAS:Traditional warrior and poloticiam class -VAISYAS: Merchant class and land owing farmers -SHUDRAS:Common laborers -THE "UNTOUCHACLES":traditionally prevented from associating with any other caste.Did the most unclean of word including cleaning sewage from steets and handling dead animals .160 -180 millon in india. -Religion India is a land of many religions. It is the home of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism, and in its long history has adopted Islam and Christianity. In spite of its heterogeneous religious outlook, India is still dominated by Hinduism, the religion of the majority. Hinduism's success in India is largely attributed to its ability to adapt to diverse circumstances. It is a religion, which is flexible enough to allow opposites to coexist even if they are entirely contradictory; Hinduism simply took the best of other religions which it encountered and from these expanded its own belief system. For instance, Hinduism fused Buddhist ideas about salvation and Karma by accepting the possibility of salvation from the endless cycle of life. However, to the British, Hinduism was often associated with several social abuses, such as infanticide, child marriage, the prohibition of widow remarriage, and other social evils of the caste system. But what was most shocking "Sutte." Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other groups including.
 * CASTE LEVELS**

=4)**__Culture__**= India has a patriarcal society. Largely male dominate.In this time is important still the numerous families. The marriages are arranged,but in the cities exist marriages by love . -**FOOD** The food in India very is varied, because there are many different cultures- Curry, tamarind, coriander, chicken, paneer, tikka, samosa.. Riz Chana==>various food==>spices==>

-**CURRENCY** The currency of India is rupee 45R to the $1.00 -**CLOTHING** ·__Sari__(1): //The stye color and the forms of sari are varied,Is made from the cotton to the silk.The color of the Sari, its quality or its form depend on the age, the caste, the office, the religion.. of the woman// ·__Salwar Kamiz__(2)://This clothes has two parts, first Is pajamas trousers fitted to the waits and in the ankles, the other part is a dress placed on the trousser.// ·__kurta pajama__(3)//Is a traditional suit of fine fabric, for men. This has trouser and (túnica)// (1)(2)

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-**TECHNOLOGY** Bangalore in southern India is the new sofware center of the world. Some technological companys of India are: Philips, Motorola,IBM, Intel, Dell...

-**KAMA SUTRA** Kamasutra explains the sexual behavior of the man.His author is Vastyayana. The Kamasutra has 36 chapters with 7 different subjects. Ther parts are ·Introduction (4chapters):On the general sex. ·On the sexual act ·On the election of one wifi ·On the wifi: behavior of the good wifi ·On the wifis of others: seduction ·On th (cortesanas): ·On teh atraction of other persons Vatsyayana thought that there were 8 basic ways to make the love, and 8 primary positions. The Kama sutra has 64 "arts"